Senin, 16 Desember 2013

KARENA MANUSIA SENDIRI

KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN LAUT KARENA ULAH MANUSIA

1.      Penangkapan tidak ramah lingkungan
a.      Penangkapan ikan dengan bahan peledak
Penggunaan bahan peledak untuk menangkap ikan di indonesia sebenarnya sudah dilarang pemerintah. Namun sampai sekarang, pengeboman ikan di terumbu karang masih terjadi di terumbu karang.
Penggunaan bahan peledak untuk menangkap ikan sangat membahayakan kelestarian terumbu karang. Di samping dapat membunuh semua jenis ikan dari segala ukuran, juga dapat menghancurkan koloni karang batu di sekitarnya yang berperan sebagai habitat (tempat hidup) ikan-ikan tersebut. Koloni karang batu terutama dari jenis batu bercabang (Acropora sp.) dan karang batu berbentuk daun (Echinophyllia sp.), akan hancur berkeping-keping jika terjadi ledakan di lokasi tersebut. Kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang menyebabkan hilangnya daya tarik pariwisata bawah air dan hilangnya daya dukung lingkungan terumbu karang sebagai sumber makanan, sumber ikan hias, pantai pelindung,tempat rekreasi bawah laut,dan sebagai laboratorium bawah laut.

b.      Penggunaan racun sianida untuk menangkap ikan
Seperti halnya penggunaan bahan peledak, penggunaan racun sianida (potas) untuk menangkap ikan juga sudah dilrang pemerintah.
Dampak penggunaan racun sianida terhadap biota laut tergantung besar dosis racun yang digunakan. Pengaturan dosis potas menjadi sangat penting agar ikan yang terkena racun tersebut hanya mabuk. Ikan-ikan tersebut mudah ditangkap oleh nelayan, tetapi banyak juga yang bersembunyi di bawah karang. Sayangnya, nelayan seringkali menggunakan potas dengan dosis yang berlebihan sehingga banyak ikan yang mati.
Dampak penggunaan potas secara langsung terhadap terumbu karang masih belum jelas. Potas yang disemprotkan dalam air laut akan segera larut dalam hitungan menit atau jam, apalagi jika ada arus. Akibatnya, kadar racun dalam potas berkurang bahkan hilang sama sekali. Kerusakan terumbu karang yang disebabkan oleh potas merupakan akibat tidak langsung, yaitu karena nelayan yang membongkar karang batu tempat sembunyi nikan yang mabuk.
Diperkirakan, ikan-ikan yang terkena potas tetapi selamat, akan mengalami keleinan pertumbuhan atau perkembangan reproduksinya. Tingkat kematian ikan kerapu dan ikan hias pada saat-saat penangkapan, pengumpulan, penampungan, dan pada saat pengiriman keluar negeri juga tinggi.

Potas dengan konsentrasi 0,1 mg/L sudah dapat membunuh ikan. Potas ini akan masuk ke tubuh ikan melalui insang dan mulut, kemudian ke lambung, lalu menyebar ke seluruh tubuh dengan cepat. Potas mengganggu proses pernapasan dan mengakibatkan ikan kekurangan oksigen. Di samping itu, potas juga mempengaruhi sistem syaraf dan mengakibatkan ikan terlihat depresi. Pada konsentrasi yang cukup tinggi, sistem syaraf rusak dan ikan dapat mati mendadak.
Hasil penelitian dengan penyemprotan potas pada karang masif hanya menimbulkan stress, ditandai dengan keuarnya lendir, kemudian sehat kembali. Tetapi dalam penyemprotan ulang dalam selang waktu dua bulan, maka pada bulan ketiga semua karang mati. Penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa karang yang disemprot potas dengan kadar 4 ppm, dalam waktu 10 menit,karang mulai terlihat memutih. Perlakuan dengan kadar potas yang sama dalam waktu 4 jam akan menyebabkan karang mati dalam  4 hari kemudian.

c.       Penggunaan jaring muroami
Jaring muroami adalah jaring ikan berukuran besar (panjang 20 m) yang dibentangkan di dekat terumbu karang. Setelah jaring terpasang, serombongan nelayan bergerak ke mulut jaring dengan membawa berbagai peralatan dari bambu atau seutas tali yang diberi pemberat berupa gelang besi.
Bambu dan tali dengan pemberat tersebut dipukul-pukulkan di terumbu karang sehingga menimbulkan suara yang berisik. Tujuannya yaitu mengusir ikan untuk keluar dari terumbu karang menuju jaring yang telah dibentangkan. Penggiringan biasanya berjumlah kurang lebih 30-40 orang. Akibatnya, kerang patah-patah dan hancur berantakan.
Berapa besar kerusakan karang yang diakibatkan oleh nelayan muroami belum dikaji secara teliti. Namun jumlah armada muroani di pulau Seribu ada 9 buah. Setiap armada terdiri dari 49 orang  nelayan, 9 orang bertanggung jawab untuk mengoprasikan
kapal dan sisanya melakukan operasi penangkapan.

d.      Penggunaan bubu
Bubu adalah alat tangkap ikan tradisional, dibuat dari bambu atau rotan yang dijalin sedemikian rupa sehingga ikan yang terperangkap masuk tidak dapat keluar lagi. Ada dua tipe bubu yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan, yaitu
1)      Bubu yang berukuran kecil dengan ukuran 1x1,5 m²
Bubu ini biasa diletakkan di terumbu karang untuk menangkap ikan berukuran sedang yang hidup di sekitar koloni karang. Untuk mengelabui ikan, bagian atas bubu ditutup koloni karang hidup atau karang mati. Besarnya kerusakan terumbu karang akibat bubu ini, sampai sekarang belum diketahui secara pasti. Namu dengan pe,asangan bubu yang selalu berpindah-pindah itu, banyaknya karang yang digunakan untuk penutup bubu juga terus bertambah banyak.
2)      Bubu gantung (bubu berukuran besar)
Pada bubu gantung, orang pun bisa masuk di dalamnya. Bubu gantung banyak digunakan di Sulawesi utara dan Maluku. Bubu gantung digunakan di lereng terumbu karang dengan tali diikatkan di darat tegak lurus pantai. Kerusakan terumbu karang terjadi karena bubu gantung yang berukuran besar itu selalu bergerak ke kanan-kiri selalu mengukuti arus, dan ditarik ulur dari darat untuk menyesuaikan tinggi rendah pasang surut air laut. Akibatnya karang batu disekitar bubu hancur berantakan.

e.      Penggunaan pukat harimau
Walaupun penggunaan pukat harimau ini diluar ekosistem terumbu karang, tetapi pukat harimau dioperasikan disepanjang pantai tempat nelayan tradisional biasa menangkap ikan. Pukat harimau dapat menangkap semua jenis biota yang hidup di dasar dan di perairan yang ada di atasnyatanpa mempedulikan jenis biota yang di tangkap.

Akibatnya hasil tangkapan dengan pukat harimau itu banyak yang dibuang kembali ke laut dalam keadaan mati karena tidak diperlukan. Dampak penggunaan pukat harimau adalah timbulnya fenomena over fishing (tangkap lebih) dan hilangnya sumber perikanan bagi nelayan tradisional. Nelayan tradisional harus mencari ikan di tempat yang jauh dari tempat tinggalnya. Pukat harimau menyebabkan rusaknya lingkungan laut karena hilangnya populasi ikan tertentu.


2.      Pemanfaatan karang batu
Penyebab lain kerusakan lingkungan karena ulah manusia yaitu penambangan karang batu, pasir dan granit
a.      Pemanfaatan karang batu untuk bahan bangunan
Pemanfaatan karang batu untuk bahan bangunan, seperti fondasi rumah dan jalan, biasanya diambil dari kereng terumbu pada kedalaman 1-2 meter dengan membongkar karang batu hidup /mati dengan menggunakan linggis. Sedangkan bahan untuk pembuatan kapur, dap menggunakan puing-puing karang batu yang telah terkubur di sepanjang pantai.
Kedua jenis pemanfaatan karang batu , memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan laut dan pesisir. Pengambilan karang batu dari lereng  terumbu dapat menghilangkan fungsi terumbu karang sebagai pelindung pantai, tenggelamnya sebuah pulau, perairan menjadi keruh dan menyebabkan berkurangnya keanekaragaman hayati laut.
Sedangkan pengerukan puing-puing yang terkubur dapat menyebabkan terkikisnya garis pantai, hilangnya pelindung pantai, dan meningkatkan kadar endapan laut.

b.      Pemanfaatan karang hias
Pemanfaatan karang batu sebagai hiasan , terdiri dari karang batu hidup dan mati. Karang batu hidup untuk pembuatan akuarium kecil-kecil, diameter kolono tidak lebih 25 cm dan terdiri dari karang batu yang eksotik. Dari segi jumlah yang dperlukan, tampaknya tidak akan mengancam pelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang. Di samping cara pengambilan yang sangat hati-hati agar karang batu tetap hidup, karang batu yang diambil hanya karang batu yang eksotik-eksotik saja.
Namun pemanfaatan karang batu hidup untuk pembuatan akuarium dari luar negeri terus meningkat. Akibatnya jumlah karang batu yang diambil dari alam terus bertambah. Hal ini menyebabkan langkah punahnya jenis-jenis karang batu eksotik tersebut apabila pemanfaatan karang hidup sebagai bahan ekspor yang dibatasi dan tidak diawasi dengan baik.
Ekosistem terumbu karang mempunyai daya tarik yang sangat besar untuk mengundang wisatawan luar dan dalam negeri karena keindahannya. Tetapi kalau jenis karang-karang batu diekspor terus menerus, keindahan ekosistem akan berkurang. Kecepatan tumbuh kolono karang batu itu sangat lambat sehingga untuk pemulihannya akan memakan waktu yang sangat lama.

c.       Penambangan pasir dan granit
Penambangan pasir dan granit yang dilakukan di pesisir dapat menjadi sumber endaoan yang dapat mengancam kelangsungan terumbu karang, mengubah garis pantai, mengubah pola arus setempat, dan menyebabkan tenggelamnya pulau. Ironisnya penambangan pasir dan granit sudah merupakan sumber kehidupan yang menjanjikan bagi penambangan dan merupakan sumber penghasilan bagi Pemerintah Daerah setempat.
Oleh karena itu, demi pelestarian lingkungan lautnya, sebaiknya penambangan pasir dan granit tersebut hanya dilakukan di daerah pedalaman dengan pengaturan buangan sebaik-baiknya, sehingga penambangan dapat menikmati hasilnya tanpa harus merusak lingkungan laut.

3.      Kegiatan pariwisata
Di dalam mengembangan pariwisata bahari, ada kegiatan yang berpotensi menjadi penyebab rusaknya lingkungan laut, misalnya pembangunan hotel di tepi pantai, pembangunan dermag, dan jalan-jalan sepanjang pantai. Semua kegiatan tersebut berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan laut karena dapat mengubah pola arus setempat dan sebagai sumber endapan yang dapat mengancam pelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang.
Pembuangan jangkar diterumbu karang oleh perahu-perahu yang mengangkut wisatawan, dapat menghancurkan terumbu karang. Kurangnya pemandu wisata yang bertugas mengawasi wisatawan yang melakukan penyelaman (snorkelinga) sehingga wisatawa dapat bebas melakukan koleksi biota eksotik dan merusak karang. Akibatnya ekosistem terumbu karang kehilangan daya tariknya.
Pembuangan limbah sembarangan juga berpotensi merusak lingkungan laut. Lombah cair dari hotel-hotel sepanjang pantai menimbulkan pencemaran laut. Limbah laut padat yang dibuang ke laut dapat menyebabkan dasar laut menjadi kotor.

Sabtu, 14 Desember 2013

sejarah

Perang Dingin

Perang Dingin adalah sebutan bagi sebuah periode di mana terjadi konflik, ketegangan, dan kompetisi antara Amerika Serikat (beserta sekutunya disebut Blok Barat) dan Uni Soviet (beserta sekutunya disebut Blok Timur) yang terjadi antara tahun 1947-1991. Persaingan keduanya terjadi di berbagai bidang: koalisi militer; ideologi, psikologi, dan tilik sandi; militer, industri, dan pengembangan teknologi; pertahanan; perlombaan nuklir dan persenjataan; dan banyak lagi. Ditakutkan bahwa perang ini akan berakhir dengan perang nuklir, yang akhirnya tidak terjadi. Istilah "Perang Dingin" sendiri diperkenalkan pada tahun 1947 oleh Bernard Baruch dan Walter Lippman dari Amerika Serikat untuk menggambarkan hubungan yang terjadi di antara kedua negara adikuasa tersebut.
Setelah AS dan Uni Soviet bersekutu dan berhasil menghancurkan Jerman Nazi, kedua belah pihak berbeda pendapat tentang bagaimana cara yang tepat untuk membangun Eropa pascaperang. Selama beberapa dekade selanjutnya, persaingan di antara keduanya menyebar ke luar Eropa dan merambah ke seluruh dunia ketika AS membangun "pertahanan" terhadap komunisme dengan membentuk sejumlah aliansi dengan berbagai negara, terutama dengan negara di Eropa Barat, Timur Tengah, dan Asia Tenggara.

Meskipun kedua negara adikuasa itu tak pernah bertempur secara langsung, namun konflik di antara keduanya secara tak langsung telah menyebabkan berbagai perang lokal seperti Perang Korea, invasi Soviet terhadap Hungaria dan Cekoslovakia dan Perang Vietnam. Hasil dari Perang Dingin termasuk (dari beberapa sudut pandang) kediktatoran di Yunani dan Amerika Selatan. Krisis Rudal Kuba juga adalah akibat dari Perang Dingin dan Krisis Timur Tengah juga telah menjadi lebih kompleks akibat Perang Dingin. Dampak lainnya adalah terbaginya Jerman menjadi dua bagian yaitu Jerman Barat dan Jerman Timur yang dipisahkan oleh Tembok Berlin. Namun ada pula masa-masa di mana ketegangan dan persaingan di antara keduanya berkurang. Perang Dingin mulai berakhir pada tahun 1980-an ketika Pemimpin Uni Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev meluncurkan program reformasi, perestroika dan glasnost. Secara konstan, Uni Soviet kehilangan kekuatan dan kekuasaannya terhadap Eropa Timur dan akhirnya dibubarkan pada tahun 1991.

Narrative

Snow white

Snow White" Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
 One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White. Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods. Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
 Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.


"Golden Eggs"

 Long time ago a remote village, in central China was inhabited mainly with farmers and hunters.
 One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestock to flood. He prayed hard to God for help or his family would die of starvation.
 Few days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his house took pity on him. He gave him a goose and said “ I don’t have any expensive thing to give you and hope this goose will help you to ease your hardship.”
A week later to almost surprise the farmer found and egg in his yard. This was no ordinary egg. It was a golden egg. He was suddenly overcome with joy.
Thereafter, his livelihood had rapidly improved but the farmer had forgotten his earlier hardship. He became lazy, arrogant and spendthrift.
 Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy farmer lost his patient and slaughtered his goose thinking there were plenty of golden eggs inside its stomach.
 Though he very much regretted for his foolishness, it’s already too late.
"Duck and Turtle"

 Two ducks who lived in a big lake had a friend who was a turtle. One year there was a very little rain and the lake began to dry up. One of the ducks said to the other, “Soon, there’ll be no water in this lake. Let’s go and look for lake.”
 “Yes, answered the second duck, “But first let’s say good bye to our friend, the turtle.” When they told the turtle they were going to leave, he said, “I’ll die here without any water and without any friends. Take me with you.”
“The ducks answered, “We can’t. We are going to fly, and you have no wings.” “The turtle thought for a minute and then said, “please wait here.”
 Then he went away and found a strong, straight stick. He brought it back to his friends, put the middle of it in his mouth and said, “Now if each of you takes me one end of the stick in his mouth, you can lift me up and carry me with you.”
 “ That is dangerous,” said the ducks, “if you try to talk while we’re carrying you through the air, you won’t be able to hold the stick, so you’ll fall down along way and break your shell.”
 “All right,” answered the turtle, “I promise not to talk while we’re in the air. So the ducks took the stick and flew away, with the turtle between them. All went well until they were flying over a town. Then some people saw them and shouted, “Look, those ducks are carrying a cat!”The turtle got very angry, “A cat? I’m not …” he said, but he did not get any further, because when he opened his mouth, the stick came out of his mouth and the poor turtle fell to the ground.










Mousedeer and tiger

mousedeer and tiger.jpgOne day a tiger was hunting in the jungle. He was very hungry. In fact, he was so hungry that he spoke aloud. 'I'd like to eat a nice juicy mousedeer,' he said, 'or a fat snake.'
Now, it happened that a mousedeer and his friend the elephant were nearby. They heard what the tiger said and de­cided to hide from him. Just then, the tiger fell into a trap. `Help!' he roared. 'Somebody, help me!'
'Let's help the poor fellow,' said the mousedeer.
'Do you think we should?' asked the elephant. 'After all, we've just heard what he wants to eat for dinner.'
'Oh, come on,' said the kindhearted mousedeer.
Just then a snake glided out of the bushes. 'What's up?' he asked.
'It's the tiger,' the mousedeer explained. 'He's fallen into a trap, and I think we should help him out.
And so they did. The snake hung from the elephant's trunk like a rope, and, with the mousedeer giving directions, they pulled the tiger out of the trap.
'Thank you, kind friends,' said the tiger. 'It was very hot in that trap, and now I'm thirsty and so hungry.'
And with those words the ungrateful tiger ate the snake and ran off into the jungle.
Now, the snake had been a good friend to the elephant, and the elephant was very angry. He and the mousedeer de­cided to teach the tiger a lesson.
First they covered the trap with branches and leaves. Then the elephant set off to find the tiger. The mousedeer told the elephant what to tell the tiger: "fell him that I died of fright and that if he wants a free meal, he can come and eat me.'
Soon the elephant found the tiger. 'Hello, Friend Tiger,' he said. 'What you just did wasn't a very nice thing. Friends don't eat each other.'
'It's every man for himself,' said the tiger. 'That's the law of the jungle.'
'Well, I hope you're happy, 'the Elephant replied. 'Anyway, you gave the mousedeer such a fright that he dropped dead.'
'Oh really?' said the tiger. 'Then this is my lucky day. Two meals! Can you show me where he is’
'Of course,' said the elephant, and he led the tiger back through the jungle.
Suddenly they saw the mousedeer. He was hanging upside-down from a tree branch. 'How did he get up there?' asked the surprised tiger.
'Oh, he leapt into the tree when you roared,' said the elephant.
'How am I supposed to get at there’
'How should I know?' said the elephant. 'Jump, I suppose.'
The tiger crouched. Then with a roar he jumped at the mousedeer. But he was too late. Just as the tiger jumped, the mousedeer moved away, and the tiger fell roaring into the trap. 'Let me out,' he screamed. 'Is this any way to treat a friend?'
'Well, you should know,' said the mousedeer, and he and the elephant walked into the jungle laughing.

























Two Friends who tried to empty the sea

Once upon a time, there were two good friends. They promised to help each other if they were-in trouble. Soon, one of them married a very good woman but the other married a bad one.
One night, the man with the good wife said, 'How shall we make a living?'
'What would you like to do’ his wife asked. 'You can order me to do anything and I'll obey you.'
A few nights later, the husband said, 'Wife, I've thought of a plan which will make us rich. We'll have silver and gold and golden plates and trays.'
'What is your plan’
'A long time ago,' her husband said, 'there were many rich ships on the sea. Some were lucky and crossed the sea safely. Others sank to the bottom with all their gold and silver. Now, let's go to the shore and take all the water from the sea. When the sea is empty, we'll find all kinds of gold and silver and fish on the bottom. Tomorrow morning, boil some rice and we'll start off early for the shore.'
The next day they went down to the shore together. The man took a basket and his wife took another. They began to lift water out of the sea onto the beach. They worked hard, carrying up the water, 'Sloosh, sloosh, sloosh,' until it was time to eat. When they had finished eating, they started to work again. In the afternoon, they went home and the next morning they came back. They worked hard for five days. Then the husband looked out across the sea. 'Look,' he said, 'the sea is lower al­ready.'


'Good,' said his wife. 'Let's keep on working and in two weeks the sea will be quite dry. Then we'll have fish to eat and fish to sell and all the gold and silver from the ships at the bot­tom.'
In the evening they went home, and returned to the shore the next morning. While they worked, they said again, 'In two weeks the sea will be quite dry. Then we can take all the fish and gold and silver.'
The fish in the sea heard them and became frightened. They said to each other, 'If that is true, we'll all be dead very soon. We must go and speak to the king of the fish. Perhaps lie can save us.'
They swam off to see the king of the fish. They told him what had happened. The king listened to them and then said, "Take five jars of gold and five of silver and some golden trays. Tell the man and woman that if they stop taking the water out of the sea, you will give theta gold and the silver.'
The fish did what the king said.
When the man and his wife received the gold and silver, they were very happy. From then on, they never took any water out of the sea.
A few months later, the man with the bad wife remembered his friend. He decided to visit him. When he arrived, he found his friend was as polite and friendly as before. But he was richer now.
'My friend was very poor before,' he thought. 'I wonder what he's done to become so rich.' He said to his friend, 'I've become very poor but you are rich now. How did you do it’
'Well,' said his friend, 'I got rich by taking water out of the sea. My wife and I did it alone. She boiled some rice before day­light and we went to the shore at sunrise. In the afternoon we came home. The king of fish became frightened. He told the fish to give us jars of gold and silver to stop us from emptying the sea.'
The man with the bad wife said goodbye to his friend and went home. That night, he said to his wife, 'Boil some rice be­fore daylight and we'll start off early for the shore. We're going to empty the sea.'
But, in the morning, his wife got up late. She boiled the rice so carelessly that half of it was spilt. They left home when the sun was already high in the sky.
Day after day, they lifted the water out of the sea with their baskets. But the work was hard and they soon became angry. The fish were frightened again. They waited near the shore. They watched the man and woman_ and listened to what they said.
On the fifth day, the wife threw down her basket and said, ' We've worked here for five days and I haven't seen any gold or silver. I'm not a fool. I'm going to stop.'
When he heard this, her husband was angry. They began to quarrel. They shouted at each other. Then they started fight­ing. They fought so hard that the woman tore off her husband's sarong and he tore off hers. There they stood, naked on the beach, tired and ashamed.
'We've always been slaves,' they said, 'and we always will be. We won't become rich like this. Let's stop.'
When the fish saw them naked and ashamed on the shore, they jumped out of the water and laughed. They were very happy because they did not have to give away their gold and silver.
One fish laughed so hard that it stretched its mouth and that is why some fish now have big mouths.



The legend of Lau Kawar Lake


https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCyVm-5Tio6UvjnKM9ryJlcOgKWUsnhf0-Vs9vYcSEiyteqKto9hJQ7UqYaC-Jp36xy_f4_fbayVLYyNi_GIY5r6WLQWAa4n-RGPxImyXDqhYppBZpJ18pY0Ob85Pc7mDMEjBpXSaoDOn_/s200/danau+lau+kawar2.jpgIt was a beautiful day. Everybody in the Kawar village was happy. The farmers had just had their best harvest. The villagers were planning to hold a party to celebrate the good harvest. On one beautiful day, all the villagers gathered in a field. They wore beautiful dresses and made delicious food. Everybody was having good times! They were singing, laughing and, of course, eating delicious food.
Did everyone go to the party? Unfortunately, there was one old woman still staying at her house. She was too old and weak to go to the party. Her son, her daughter-in-law, and her grandchildren all went to the party. At home, the old woman felt very sad and lonely. She was very hungry too. She tried to find some food in the kitchen, but she was very disappointed. Her daughter-in-law did not cook that day. At the party, the son asked her wife, “Why don’t you take some food from the party and give it to my mom? Ask our son to deliver it.” Then the little boy brought the food to her grandmother. The old woman was so happy. But her happiness turned into sadness when she saw the food was not in a good condition. It seemed that someone had eaten the food. She just got little rice and fish bones.
The old woman was very sad. She thought bad things about her son. The old woman did not know that it was her grandson who had eaten the food on the way from the party to the house. She cursed her son. Then, a terrible thing happened. There was a great earthquake! Thunders struck the village. And heavy rains started to fall. All the villagers were so scared. They wanted to save themselves. They tried to find shelters. Slowly, the field turned into a lake. The lake was getting bigger and bigger, and finally the whole village turned into a big lake. People then named the lake Lau Kawar










The boy, the crow and the sesame seed story

Once there was a boy who lived with his grandparents. His job was to look after the garden where they grew beans and sesame. One day, when his grandparents were away, the boy went fishing instead of watching the garden. A crow, seeing that no one was in the garden, flew down and stole some beans and sesame seeds.
The grandparents returned and saw what had happened. They were very angry with their grandson for being so careless. The boy was ashamed of what he had done. He decided to get the beans and sesame seeds back. He went to a hunter. "Please use your arrows; to shoot the crow that stole our sesame," he said.
"Nonsense," replied the hunter. "I wouldn't help a naughty boy like you."
No matter what the boy said, the hunter refused to help, so the boy went to see a mouse. He asked the mouse to chew the hunter's bow-string.
"What has the hunter done to hurt me? I don't see that it's my problem," said the mouse.
Then the boy saw a cat. He asked the cat to eat the mouse, but the cat said it wasn't hungry. This made the boy very un‑happy, so he asked a dog to chase the cat. The dog said, "Why don't you chase the cat yourself?"

Now the boy was truly upset. He found a hammer which he asked to beat the dog. The hammer refused. He asked a fire to burn the hammer, but the fire refused. He asked the water to put out the fire, but the water refused. He asked the earth to cover the water. "I like water,' said the earth. "Anyway, this really has nothing to do with me."

The boy saw an elephant standing nearby. He asked the elephant to pound the earth. The elephant refused. The poor boy sat down on a rock and cried. When he stopped crying, lie saw a gnat flying around his head. He caught the gnat and said, "I want you to fly into the elephant's ear. If you don't do it, I'll squeeze you between my fingers."

The gnat was frightened. "I'll do anything you ask, but please, please let me go."
So the boy let the gnat go, and it flew into the elephant's car. This hurt the elephant so much that it began to pound the earth. And then the earth began to cover the water. The water started to put out the fire. The fire began to burn the hammer, which threatened to beat the dog. The dog ran away from the hammer and chased the cat, and the cat tried to eat the mouse. But the mouse was beginning to gnaw the hunter's bow-string.

The hunter knocked the mouse away and shot an arrow to­ward the sky. When the crow saw the arrow, it dropped all the beans and sesame seeds back into the garden and flew away.
When the boy went home, his grandparents were very pleased. They forgave him, but after that the boy watched the garden very carefully and never let the crow come near.





















JOHNNY, THE LAZY BOY

Once upon a time, there was a lazy boy called Johnny. He never cleaned his bedroom. One day, on a sunny day, Johnny decided to have a picnic at the park nearby.
At the park, Johnny sat near the pond. After sometime, he started to enjoy the food he had brought. Johnny was too lazy to throw the food wrappers into the dustbin. So he just threw the fruit peel, food wrappers, plastic bags, and cans into the pond.
Poor the creatures in the pond! They all suffered from what Johnny did. Some of them lost their food, some others lost their homes, and to make it worse, the rubbish also hit some fish.
At night, the angry fish, crabs, and prawns visited Johnny's house. These creatures changed into giant creatures. They gathered in Johnny's bedroom. When Johnny saw these creatures, he was so frightened to death that he was just lying stiffly on his bed.
"Is it the boy?" asked the crab to a fish.
"Yes, he was. I saw him throwing the banana skin," answered the fish.
"How could you do it to my baby? He was injured by the can you threw," cried another fish.
"Let me crush this little destructing creature for the thing he has done to us," growled the giant crab while moving its claws. "Clunk, clunk, clunk!"
Johnny did not know what to say. He got up quickly and rushed to the door, but he was not careful that he slipped and fell onto the floor.
Suddenly, he was awake and found himself lying on the floor of his room. Not a single water creature was there. It was just a dream.
"Thank God, it was just a dream. From now on, I will never throw rubbish carelessly," Johnny murmured.


A naughty school boy
naughty school boy.jpg


Everyone agreed that John Tsui was a naughty boy. He had a bad temper and did not study hard at school. His father paid for a private teacher to teach him at home. But john was rude to his teacher. His teacher said he did not want to teach him anymore. John’s father tried to find another teacher, but it was not easy to do so.
At last, a teacher who had just come from Singapore agreed to teach him. John’s father was very pleased. He sent for John to come and meet his new teacher. John was very rude. He took no notice of his new teacher and left the room without saying a word. The next day, john arrived late for his first lesson. He hoped this would make his teacher angry. But his teacher did not seem to mind. The next day, he was again late. This time, his teacher was playing the piano.
“can you teach me to play the piano?” he asked his teacher.
“Yes, if you really want to learn,” his teacher replied.
After that, his teacher gave him piano lesson twice a week. John was really very clever and he did not need much teaching.
In a short while, he could play quite well.
“Can you teach me anything else?” he asked his teacher.
“I don’t know what you would like to learn,” his teacher said. “Perhaps you can teach me something?”
“I only know how to box,” John replied. “If you want to learn, I can teach you.”
John asked his teacher to stand up. As soon as he did so, he tried to hit his fist. But his teacher was too quick for him. He caught hold of his arm and held it tight. John could not move. He had to ask his teacher to forgive him. He promised that he would study harder in future.
“If you want to study harder,” his teacher said, “It is not enough to learn from one man. You must learn from many men.”
“How can I do that?” John asked.
His teacher pointed to the books in front of him. “You must study hard and read as many books as you can. Each book contains knowledge. If you do that, you will soon be able to learn many new things for yourself.
John studied hard after that. When he grew up, he became a very famous man.